
Harmon Creek
Harmon Creek, a spring-fed perennial stream, rises three miles east of
Huntsville in east central Walker County (at 30°42' N, 95°27' W) and
flows north for sixteen miles to its mouth on Lake Livingston, near the
Trinity county line (at 30°52' N, 95°24' W). The stream's source lies
within the Sam Houston National Forest. It traverses gently rolling to
nearly level terrain surfaced by sandy and loamy soils. Along the
creek's banks grow woods of loblolly and shortleaf pine, sweetgum, black
gum, elm, pecan, water oak, post oak, willow oak, and black hickory.
Settlement in the vicinity began in the mid-1830s. Huntsville's Mount
Pleasant Baptist Church conducted services on the creek banks from 1838
to 1844. After the Civil War
an experimental freedmen's community, known as Grant's Colony, operated
for many years on a large tract of land on the upper creek. The Arizona
community has been on the east bank of the middle creek since the early
1900s. A state fish hatchery is on the west bank of the upper creek. TSHA
Texas State Historical Association
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/harmon-creek
Grant's Colony, also known as Harmony Settlement or Harmon Creek
Settlement, is a historical, unincorporated African American community
in central Walker County, Texas, established on a 6,000-acre parcel
stretching across Harmon Creek, approximately five miles east of
Huntsville.
Founded in 1866 by George Washington Grant, a local landowner who
accumulated over 11,000 acres in Walker and Grimes Counties between
1856 and 1874, the settlement was influenced by the Church of Christ's
philosophy—introduced to Grant by his wife Mary during the Civil
War—which emphasized anti-slavery principles, education, and racial
harmony.
It served as a model farming community and safe haven for freedmen
during Reconstruction, with residents primarily working as tenants or
sharecroppers growing cotton and corn, supported by a nearby mill and
gin provided by Grant.
The site's coordinates are approximately 30.72185950 N, 95.49355370 W.
In 1867, Grant deeded two acres to a twelve-member board of trustees
for community institutions, amid regional unrest including the
Freedmen’s Bureau's enforcement of Reconstruction Acts.
In 1869, he recruited educators Edward, Hannah, and Sarah Williams from
Mississippi to teach; they built the Colony Grove schoolhouse and
instructed up to 120 students annually in primary subjects and music
until 1878, after which Edward Williams— the first African American to
earn a teaching certificate in Walker County—continued the work.
Literacy rates in the area rose from 16% in 1870 to over 66% by 1900.
By 1898, two public schools enrolled twenty-four Black students.
Institutions included Mount Moriah Methodist Church and Good Hope
Baptist Church on the deeded land, as well as a Temperance Band.
The community featured Main Street and Church Street connected by a bridge over Harmon Creek.
The settlement peaked with around 350 residents and became a hub for
African American politics and the Populist movement in the 1870s and
1880s, hosting Union Labor Party conventions and Walker County Farmer’s
Alliance meetings.
Resident Richard Williams served as the first African American state
legislator from the region (representing Walker, Madison, and Grimes
Counties in 1870) and advocated for schools while opposing the convict
lease system.
Despite challenges like the 1867 Yellow Fever outbreak, 1870-71 Walker
County Rebellion, and 1876 public school defunding, the colony
represented economic independence and progress amid Reconstruction-era
violence.
Grant died in 1889, and in 1900, creditor Sallie Mae Gibbs purchased
most of the land, continuing to lease it to tenants, which led to a
loss of political influence.
By the 1930s, churches, the schoolhouse, and bridge were destroyed or
relocated; in 1936, the U.S. Forest Service acquired the Gibbs acreage
for the Sam Houston National Forest.
No population estimates, businesses, post office, or incorporation were
ever recorded, and today, remnants are limited to Grant's Colony
Cemetery, fading ruts of Main and Church Streets, and a few pillars in
Harmon Creek.
The area is now forested with no active community structures.
